Combined door or window and ventilating structure.



. G. A. FAIR.l COMBINED DOOR OR WINDOW ANDI/E'NTILATI'NG STRUCTURE. 1,192,406.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented July 25, l1916.

APPLICATION FILED DEC 18,1913

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G. A. FAIR. COMBINED DOOR OR WINDOW AND VENTIIATING STRUCTURE.

Patented July 25, 1916.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I8, I9I3.

G. A FAIR. COMBINED DDOH 0R WINDOW AND VENTILATING STRUCTURE'.

APPLICATION FILEDv ofc. la. |913. 1,1 92,406, Patented July 25, 1916.

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A, FAIR, F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

CQMBNED DOR 0R WINDOW AND VENTILATING STRUCTURE.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

`Application led December 18, 1913. `Serial110.807,52?.

To allwhom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. FAIR, citizen of the United States, Jresiding atl Los Angeles, in the county 'of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined-" Doors or Windows and Ventilating Strucl tures, of which the following is a `specifica- My invention relates to windowsand par- A ticularly to metallic windows or doors.l

The main or generalobject of my invention is a construction of this kind which may be used either as a door or window and wlnch 1s so formed as to ,provide 'a hlnged sash frame contalnlng slidlng main sashes and sliding storm sashes, andin conjunction vwith which a hinged and removable screen and a hinged and removableguard or grille may be used.

Still another object is to so form the pivoted frame containing the sliding sashes that this frame may be easily removed from pivoted engagement with the window" frame itself, and a further object in this connection is to 'provide the main frame with pivots adapted to be interchanged and to be disposed either at one Yor the other side of the sash so that 'the pivoted or hinged frame may be opened at one or the other side as may be desired. l v

StillI another object is to provide locking means whereby the pivoted frame may be locked at either side.

Another object of the invention is the pro visionof means removably supported within the main window frame, constituting a bear ing against which the. pivoted or hinged sash frame will at all times bear, also constitutingthe support for the guard and for the screen, and also constituting means for g utility, simplicity and compactness, together with an ability to adjust th'e window to suya any need, and to adapt it'for use 1n all chmates,` whether the'weather be extremely hot or extremely cold, or whether it be stormy, dusty or fair.

My invention is illustrated in panying drawings wherein:

Figure lis a perspective viewof a win-` dow constructed 1n accordancewlth my 1n the accom- Patentea July 25, 191e.

vention, it being understood, however, that thesame construction may be applied t o a door as will hereafter appear.' F ig.y 2 1s a vertical section from front to rear of the window and window casing shown in Fig.'`

1. Fig. 3'is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of F 1g. 2. Fig." 4 is a transverse section on the line 4:--4 of Fig. 2;" Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section through the vhinged'sas'h lframe showing one of the slid^A in g sashes as supported by a counterweight. F1g. 6 is a fragmentary vertical lsection of the upper portion of one of the side bars of the hinged or pivoted sash frame showing the means whereby the upper pintle is rotatably supported in the main1 window frame. F1g. 7 isI a fragmentary horizontal section enlarged to about natural size showing the details of construction of the hinged window frame and of the sliding sashes mount'- ed therein. Fig.I 8 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view through the pivoted or hingedv window casing to show the means for locking the-window casing tothe win. dow frame to prevent any opening movel' ment thereof.. Fig. 9 isa fragmentary front elevation of the left hand side of Fig; 12 showing the locking bolt and the means whereby itis held retracted. Fig 10 is a perspective view of one of the catches for the sliding windows. Fig'. 11 is a fragmentary vertical section view through the hinged Window frame andI one of the sliding sashes.

,pivotedsash framesl lare mounted as heretoforestated, is of sheet metal. This casing Ais designated 2 and is rectangular in form and extends entirely 'through the window opening. Preferably this casing 2 is so `formed that the sides, bottom and top of the frame are fiat or straight without any projecting corners, shoulders or other protuber'- ances so that it may be inserted into the Window opening without diiiicultfy.

A'Bolted or riveted, but pre erably bolted, to the sheet metal frame 2 at the sides thereof are the T irons 3, -eachformed with an outwardly projecting median webp4., When the window frame is to be applied to a building in the course of construction, it is preferable to attach these T irons 3 to the casing 2 and to provide the projecting webs or flanges 4 so that the blocks, stones or bricks from which the building is made may be built in on each side of these webs or flanges to thus hold the window frame securely in place. Where, however, the window frame is intended to be inserted in a window opening'in a building alreadyconstructed, these T irons 3 are removed. The T irons are held the top of the frame and at the bottom thereto the frame by means of bolts or screws 5, and when the T irons are removed, screws may be applied through the openings provided in the frame 2 to receive these bolts 5 and the casing screwed to the ordinary window'A frame or to the wall structure.

Formed as part 'of the frame 2, and prefl erably formed of sheet metal and disposed at of so as to constitute the lintel and sill of the l .window frame, are the Ventilating boxes 6 and 7, the box 6 being at the upper endv of the window frame and the box 7 at the lower 'end thereof.' These boxes are hollowand are provided, as will be later described, with means whereby fresh air may be directed into and throughthe box and whereby the discharge of freshair into the room may be controlled.

Disposed against the sides of the window frame 2 and bolted, screwed or otherwise detachably attached thereto are the vertical hollow members 8. Theinner edges of` these members are concavely rounded asat 9 for Contact with the rounded faces of side rails 10 and 11 forming the side rails or b ars of a pivoted sash frame. f

The window or door frame comprises rectangular frame members 12 disposed in spaced relation to each other and held in such spaced relation by vertical transverse plates 13, vwhichare detachably bolted to the members 12, each of the plates 13 being formed at its edges with flanges 14 through which the bolts or screws 15 pass, and by the upper and lower bars or rails of the frame. 'Closing the opposite sides of the frame bars formed by the members 12 and' 13 are the vertically disposed, outwardly rounded or convex plates 16 which are dethe upper and lower frame bars 19 and 20,`

theseupper and lower frame bars 19 and 20 being of sheet metal construction preferably hollow for the sakeof lightness.

The upper andv lower ends ofveach of the Side bars formed by the members 12,\13 and 16 are provided with the pintles as shown clearly in Figs.\3, 6 and 7. The lower pintlel vthe upper plate 21 which closes the upper end of each of the`compartments or chambers 18, whereas for the reception of the lower pintles the upper wall of the low'er ventilatingchamber or casing was formed with sockets for the reception offthe upper pintles.u The lower wall of the upper ventilating compartment or chamber 6 is formed with recess 25 extending inward from the interior face of the window frame and each recess is filled with a block 26 having a half bearing 27 formed at its inner end which normally bears against the pintle 24.as illustrated clearly in Fig. '61 The block 26 has such snug engagement in the recess 25 as will prevent its easy removal after the block is inserted, or this block may be locked in place in any suitable manner as by a screw or bolt 28 passing through a-iange formed Yupon the block and into the wall ofthe upper ventilator casing 6., When the block 26 is removed it is an easy matter to tilt the time, that is, an upper pintle and a lower pintle, but that both of the side bars of the pivoted sash frame are formed alike so as to permit the pintles to beshifted from the left hand (side of the window frame to the right hand lside thereof if desired to thus change the`direction of opening of the window to 4`adapt it `to any desired circumstances of house construction. This transposition of the pintles may be easily accomplished by removing the locking blocks 26 whereby the window may be readily withdrawn, vthen detaching the plates 16, re-

moving. the upper pintle and lower pintle and reapplying them on the opposite side of thewindow, after which the plates 16 are replaced and the pintles inserted in their proper socketsk and the locking blocksl 26 again put imposition. This is an important feature of my invention as it permits the window to be easily changed from a left ing window, or vice versa.

It will -be noted that the plates 16' are curved concentrically to the pintles 21 and 24 and that the inner edges of the members 8 are also curved to conform to the curvature of the plate'sl so that the plates 16 always bear against these members or plates,

hand opening window to afright hand open- 8, whether the window be open or closed, or in aposition midway between the fully opened orclosed positions. Thus the curved inner face offthe side rail or bar on the pivotal side of the window always has an air-tight and water-tight engagementwith the member 8 and this prevents the passage of air between the hinged side of the window and the windowl casing proper. -In almost all windows known to me where a frame is hinged to awindow casing, there is more or less space between the hinged frame Aand the casing through which air will pass and there is much difficultyl found sashes.

frames 30 of light sheet metal.

in weather stripping this space to prevent the ingress of cold air.

Mounted within the frame formed by the rectangular members 1Q, the webs 13 and the plate 16', and between the upper and lower bars 19 and Q0 of the window area plurality of sliding sashes. Preferably `,there are two pair of these sashes, one pair being disposed like the sashes of an ordinary window adjacent the inner face of the swinging frame and forming `ordinzuympper and lower window sashes, the other pair' being disposed adjacent the exterior of the swing# ing frame andforming sliding storm sashes. All of these sashes are constructed in the same manner and are mounted in the hinged or pivoted frame for sliding movement as will be now described. f

By reference to Figs. 2 and 7, it will be seen that eaclrsash comprises a glass pane Q9 (or 29") supported between rectangular These rectangular frames are wide enough to project beyond the edge ofthe glass pane on all sides and they are spaced fromeach other by means of spacing strips ,31 whiclrextend around the four sides of the frame and' which are disposed against the edge of the pane.

Rubber packing or other suitable cushion jing bead 37 is disposed between the two pair of sashes and is held in placevby means of screws 38 or in any other suitable manner.

As before remarked, thereare two palr of those designated 29 are v'designed foruse as storm "sashes There is an upper and a Vlower sashto each pair,and it will be obvions that when one' of the sashes of each pair is shifted to its kuppermost position and theother sash shifted to its lowermost position, the window opening will be en- The paar ldesignated 29 are der sashes may be raisediand both of the upper sashes may be lowered, or that both of tirely closedi, but that both' of' the lower the upper sashes may be lowered partly and v is closed, a dead airspace is provided be-'r tween the sashes which will prevent the dissipation of heat in the room and prevent the cold 'air outside from affecting the temperature of the room.V -Th`e upper and lower hollow bars of the hinged or swinglng frame are provided with the channeled members 39 forming horizontally 'extending continuations of the guides 35. These members 39 receive the lower and upperA ends respectively of the sliding sashes and it suiiiciently snug to prevent the jarring or rattling of the sashes, and also prevent the ingress of cold air either above or below the sashes.

, In order to prevent the ingress of cold air at the upper and lower ends of the swinging sash frame, I form the upper and lower members 19 and 20 thereof each with a longitudinally extending depression 40 formed in the lmetal of these members, and

also form in the upper and lower ventilator of these springs surrounding 'a pin 44. Thev outer edge face of each weather strip is beveled so that it will not impede the swinging movement of the window butso that each weather strip will be forced inward as the window swings outward or inward and then forced outward when each recess 40 comes in alinement with theweather strip. vThe strips 42 may be made of felt, leather, wood or any other' suitable material and actv not only j as weather strips but also to peventany v rattling of the hinged or swinging frame.

The sashes of each pair of sashes may be f `counterloalanced either by counterbalancing one 4sash by the other sashof the palr, or by the use of the usual counterbalancing weights moving in the vertical chamber 18. To this `end I mount Within the hollow swinging frame the pairs of pulleys 45 as shown clearlyin Figs. 2 and 3. There area pair of pulleys for each end of eachv pair of sashes, each pair being mounted in a yoke swiveled or otherwise'rotatably connected tothe upper wall of the swinging frame. When one window sash of a pair is used to balance the v other window sash of the air, the sash cord 46 as illustrated on the rlght hand side of Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3 passes over one ofthe pulleys of the pair and its ends arel connectfl sash is pulled down,the lower sash will be ed, one end to the lower sash and the other end to the upper sash. Thuswhen the upper raised, and when the lower sash is pulled nected to weights, the pair of down the upper sash will be raised. Where, however, the sashes are to be conpulleys is turned at right angles to the position shown in Fig. 3, that is, to the position shown on the left hand side of Fig. 2 and two cords are used, one running from each sash to a weight 46. If desired, the counterweights46 may be left withinthe chamber 18 with the cords passing up and over an eye 47 and ready to be passed through the pulleys and attached to the window sashes It will be understood, of course, that where counter'- weights are used, there will be as many counterweights as there are sashes. It willalso be understood that when it is desired` to attach thecounterweights to the window sashes,

t one or both of the vertical bars of the swinging frame, this spring latch having an inwardly projecting pin extending through al perforation in the said vertical bar of the swinging frame and engaging in any one of the perforations 48. These perforations 48 are arranged in a vertical series so that the sliding sash may be adjusted to any degree required. It will of course be understood that the same latching device may be used for both the upper and lower sashes and for the outer or innersashes. Preferably the pin 50 is rotatably lmounted within the spring 49 and is provided with a laterally projecting finger or lug 51. The perforation 51a through the side bar of theswinging window frame has the form of a keyhole slot. When the-pin 50 is turned in one direction, the lug 51 will engage with the face of the window and prevent the spring from forcing the detent pin inward. When, however, the lug is turned into alinement with -the keyhole slot, the pin .will be forced in-.

ward and into engagement with the perforation. of the sash frame, thus supporting the sash frame as heretofore described. 4Preferably the swinging frame is also provided with inwardly projecting detachable shade brackets 52 adapted to 'support ya spring roller shade 53, and the swinging frame may also be provided with the detachable curtain supports 54 if so desired for the support of portires or draperies. Detachable shade brackets 55 may also be provided as illustrated in Fig. 2 .at the middle of the swinging window or door frame for the purpose of supporting shades controlling the passage of light through the lower portion of the window or door frame. 1n order to prevent the collection of water upon the lower bar 20 of the swinging frame between the outer as at 58 to one ofthe filling plates 8. It

is obvious, of course, that if the pivotal point ofthe hinged window or door frame be transposed, the hinged connection of the screen frame may also be transposed. The

free edge of the screen frame is formed with one or more penforations 59 through which a bolt, screw or other locking device may pass into the adjacent member 8 .so as to hold the screen firmly in place and yet permit the screen to be opened inward when desired.

Mounted outward of the screen frame 56 is the guard 60 or grille which is a rectangular metal frame carrying bars, this guard 60 being hinged at one edge to one of the members 8 as shown clearly in Fig. 4. Here again it may be stated that the hinges of this guard may be transposedso as to suit any transposition of the pivotal point of the sash carrying frame. The guard is held closed by means of any suitable bolt 61 or other locking device.

The uppermost transversely extending plate of the window or door casing 2 is outwardly extended as shown in Fig. 2 and formed with the downwardly depending hood 2a. Mounted beneath this hood is a spring actuated roller 62 upon which is mounted an awning 63. The lower end of the web 63 forming the'awning is providedV with a transverse bar 64 which moves in a channel or guideway 65 formed in the vertical rame members 2 of the window or door frame. This channel 65 is formed at a plurality of points with inwardly and upwardly extending extensions v66 within which the ends of the rod 64 may rest.'

By drawing the awning down and then drawing the rod rearward with' its ends in engagement with either one of the extensions 66, the awning may be held at any suitable point. When the awning is raised, it is entirely housed by the hood 2a and protected from the weather and from the collection of dirt and dust. The awning may be drawn down so as to entirely conceal the ico ttf

tft

windowyor it may be raisedito its full height or partially raised.

The upperand lowerventilating casings 6 and 7 Leach has at its outer side the outwardly and downwardly projecting hood 67 and the-inlet opening of the casing is pro- .tected by a screen of perforated or reticu.

lated metal designated 68. The outlet opening 69 of each of theseventilating casings is covered by wire gauze or perforated metal and is controlled by means of a damper plate 70 pivotally mounted at its lower edge upon the lower'wall of the opening 69, andy when the damper plate is pushed in and thus binding on its pivots which it would do if the pivotal support of the damper plate were only adjacent the ends of the plate. Stops are, ofcourse, provided to'limit the outwardmovementy of the damper plate, and the damper plate itself constitutes aV stop limiting the inward "movement of the 'damper plate flush with the face of the ventilator casing.

In order to provide means for heating the air which may enter through the lower ventilator as it passes into the room, Ipreferably extend the lower plateIv of the main frame2 so as to form a depending screen designated 7 6 within which a radiator 7 7 is `disposed. This screen maybe either imperforate orY rovided with grille work or like open wor r structure to permit the passage of the hot air from the interior of the box to the exterior thereof.` `The lower ventilator 7 discharges at a point directly above the casing4 7 6 and as a consequence the cold air from this ventilator is warmed as it enters the room. As illustrated in Fig. 1 where this heater is arranged in a house, the casing 77 should be set in the wall of the house so that the radiator Will be entirely concealed and the casing will not project out into the room. l l

Wlile I mayuse any suitable devices for holding the Swingin door frame. or window frame closed,l I pre erably provide for this purpose the bolts illustrated .in Figs. `8 and 9 4and also shown in Fig. 4. To this end the plates 16 are each 'perforated for the passage of a bolt 78which when projected 1s adapted lto enter a perforation in the casing 2. This bolt is suitably guided in its movement and is provided at its 'inner end with an outwardly projecting pin 7 9l extendingA into a slot 80 formed in the face plate 12. The stud or pin 79 is annular in cross section and interiorly threaded for the reception of a headed screw.. 81. It will, of course, be obvious that when 'the window is pivoted at' its left hand side tothe window frame, the bolt 78 on the left hand side will not be used, but that the bolt 78 on the `right hand side will be. used, l and that `vwhen the window frame or door frame is pivoted upon the right hand side; the bolt on the left hand side of the frame will be used. i

Therefore, one of these lbolts will be idle while the other will be capable of being retracted or projected. Tt is for thisreal screw 81 which may be shifted from one bolt to the other so that the bolt on the hinged side of the frame when retracted can not be projected. As a further means for prevent- 'son that I provide the detachable headed ing the projection of the bolt, I form the s slot '8O at its inner 'end with a downwardly extending recess 80 in which the pin 79 will rest and catch when the bolt is retracted. The bolt musttherefore be rotated sie as to lift the pin 77 outof this notch 80a before the bolt can be shot. v

Tt will be seen .from Fig. 1 that if it is desired that the whole area of the-window.

opening shall be unobstructed so as to permit the free ingress of fresh air, the swinging frame may be swung upon its pivots 1n the position shown in Fig. 1. llf, however, it is desired to still further provide for the inlet of fresh air, a fan may be placed upon the window casing or' otherwise suitably -supported adjacent to the window opening so as to positively draw in the fresh air and force it into the room. Even if thewindow is closed, this fan `may be used in connection with the upper ventilator.` For the urpose of attaching this fan, I intend to crm the window casing, or provide the wall immediately adjacent the window casing, with perforations 102 .whereby the screws for holding thebase of the fan ma be inserted in the wall or withdrawn there rom. -While I do not wish to limit myself to any particular marmer of constructing Athe casing 2 upon which the sash structure is mounted and with which it forms a unitary part, I

have 'preferably made this casing of sheet ,l

metal aild braced at the corners by means of angle irons 103 as shown clearly in Fig. 3. While I have heretofore described 'my invention as being applied to a window, T

wish it thoroughly understood that pracy tically the same construction may be used as a door, the proportions being' however changed, and that as a door the vstructure will 'have the same advantes and utility'.

that it has as a window. v y-construction is partlcularly adapted for the doors and well applied to oliice buildings and houses and is also very well adapted to be used for forming the doors or windows of railway cars, street cars, steamships and like structures, and because of its lightness these doors and windows are adapted to be used in such structures ais Zeppelin airshipswhere lightness is a vital matter.n Furthermore where my construction is used in a door or window, there is no necessity of a transom over the door or window for the purpose of letting in air or Ventilating, and this is particularly true where the structure 1s used upon ships or upon railway trains. i

My improved window or door combmes a maximum of utility with great simplicity. It is exceedingly compact and yet is adapted toa large variety of conditions and needs. Because of the manner in whichthe ingress of air may be' controlled or entirely prevented, it is adapted. to be used under all climatic conditions. As nearly all of the parts of the window are me.

tallic, it is entirely reproof and its conf struction is such that it is relativelyT light and easily handled. The sashes are so simply formed that very little material engages the glass panes and thus the window panes themselves are only very slightly obstructed. The sashes may be readily removed and replaced at any time and as readily connected toweights or to each other as previously eX- plained. The swinging frame which forms the'V main frame of the door or window as the case may be, may be pivoted either on one side or the' other as the exigencies of any particular case may necessitate and'ths change may be made at any time. The inlet of air around the window or door frame, that is, around the mainframe of the structure is entirely prevented by the members '8 and by the weather strips 42. Thesey weather strips 42 further act to prevent any rattling of the sashes in their sash channels. By providing two sets of sashes a dead air space may be easily provided in winter which will insulate'the interior from the eX- tcrior air, and in summer-these sashes may be opened at top, at bottom or at both ends, or the entire window opening may be disclosed by swinging the main window :trame or door frame inward. V'

Another important feature of my invention is that the storm windows, that is, the;

' two outside sashes, are incased in the same door or window frame as the main sashes, thus doing away with the necesslty, ,bother and expense of removing )thestorm sashes in the spring and then replacing them 1n the autumn. These storm windows or sashes are adjustable like the insidev windows to any degree and have also like the inside sashes, two kinds of movement, 'that is, ene a swinging movement with the: swmgmg frame, and the other the usual vertical movement. Furthermore, both the outside andv inside sashes may be either ycounterbalanced by eachother or by weights.

A special and particular advantage of my construction lies in the thinness and compactness of the structure. With this construction I can if desired place all tour` sashes, that is, the ordinary pair of sashes and the pair of storm sashes with a parting strip between them, a screen and grille work, within a space of not more than two v inches thick. lhus this door or window construction 1s particularly adapted for street cars and other vehicles.. Further# more, this provides for a maximum of sill space and permits the window casing to be of a very slight depth. In bungalows -and like structures where Hoor area is of mortance,'this feature is of considerable advantage.

.special feature'of my invention as far as lts appearance goes, lies in the `fact that the means whereby the swinging frame is hinged. is not observable. In most if not all metal door frames `.and'window frames, the hinge is attached to the surface of the ,frame withoutfeven being'countersunk, thus giving the frame a heavy and inelegant appearance. The hinge whereby my swinging frame is pivotally mounted upon the casing is concealed and can not be seen .until the door is taken down, the pivot being entirely -out of sight.

construction where the ribs or tongues 4 will securely hold the frame from any movement,

and further act to prevent'the inlet" of air arolllmd'the joint between the casing and the wa It will be observed that my window `structure is a unitary combination of win- 'dow frame, wmdow sashes and a hinged window sash frame, together with an awning, a grille and a screen adapted to be inserted in place and removed `as a unitary structure, andlfu'rther that all the necessities which may arise as regards ventilationV of air and the protection of property within a room have been provided for in my improved structure.

- What I claim is :7

1. A structure having a window opening, a window frame tted in said opening and havinga hollow lintel'and a hollow *ill/ and 4provided with pivot-receiving' recesses in said lintel and sill, a hollow sash frame itting within the window frame, 1 pivots de?y tachably mounted in the upper and lower ends of the sash frame adjacent one side of Asaid frame to engage the pivot-receiving recesses in the window frame, a pvot-retaining block removably itted in one of said recesses against the pivot therein, and fasten'-v ing devices mountedin the sash frame at the sides thereof to engage the sides of the window frame. v f

2. A frame ing of frames, webs secured to andiextending transversely between said plates intermediate the inner and outer edges thereof, transverse` for a window opening consist,-

plates connecting the'outer edges of 1said.

inner rand outer plates forming openv inner and outer plates, the plates connecting the'vertical side edges of the inner and outer plates being arcuate, pivots at the upper and lower ends of the open frames concentric with the arcuate plates, and sash guides on ghe inner face .of the transverse vertical we s.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE A.` nain. [,L. s.)

'Witnessesz' vvJ. D. Y'OAKLEI,

v FREDERIC B. 

